{"id":16349,"date":"2026-01-21T09:45:54","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T09:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/?page_id=16349"},"modified":"2026-09-07T10:21:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T10:21:53","slug":"paper-7-vol-4-no-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/paper-7-vol-4-no-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Paper 7 Vol. 4 No. 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"16349\" class=\"elementor elementor-16349\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-310728e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"310728e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c8a4e1\" data-id=\"5c8a4e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-864e1c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-thim-ekits-breadcrumb\" data-id=\"864e1c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-ekits-breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thim-ekit-breadcrumb\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\tHome\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a71066f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a71066f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-94b33f6\" data-id=\"94b33f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d13567c elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"d13567c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Designing For Vertical Needs: Creating A Ladder Chair For Ergonomic And Space-Saving Solutions<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8029dac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8029dac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da39f20\" data-id=\"da39f20\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c21552 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c21552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.12.1 - 02-04-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Jan 2026, Vol. 4, No. 1, Issue\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8194564 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8194564\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60efb26\" data-id=\"60efb26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a5480 elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"08a5480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Author(s)<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bace508 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bace508\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-944be6c\" data-id=\"944be6c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a3ae0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a3ae0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obed Persie Appiah-Kubi (Department of Interior Design and Materials Technology, Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana)<\/p><p>Evans Kwadwo Donkor (Sculpture Technology Department, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ccf28cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ccf28cd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fafc2ae\" data-id=\"fafc2ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a04b2b elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"6a04b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33d0d02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33d0d02\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85346dd\" data-id=\"85346dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a16d9c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a16d9c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As creative and academic studio spaces grow increasingly constrained, the demand for multi-functional furniture solutions becomes more critical. This study focused on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a multifunctional ladder chair that addresses vertical access and space-saving needs in Ghanaian educational and workshop environments. Employing a studio-based, practice-led methodology, the study combined the use of sustainable materials, anthropometric data, and hybrid production techniques to produce a user-centred product. The ladder chair was fabricated with mild steel and maple hardwood, merging metalworking and traditional woodworking processes to ensure structural integrity and ergonomic comfort. The assessment after the fabrication evaluated visual appeal, transformation ease, and load stability. Instructors, students and artisans\u2019 observational feedback was thematically analyzed, shedding light on material quality, functional intuitiveness, user safety, space optimization, and educational relevance. Users lauded the ease of the transformation mechanism, compact form, and strong material contrast, signifying the product\u2019s success in achieving functional and spatial objectives. The research reveals that efficient multifunctional furniture contributes to improved space utilization and learner engagement in TVET environments. Beyond its practical design purpose, the ladder chair stands as a meaningful instructional model for project-based learning. Implications emphasize the importance of adaptive furniture in supporting sustainable development, skills training, and institutional design innovation. The research recommends future exploration into modular designs, lightweight materials and broader user testing to improve inclusivity and scalability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4270687 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4270687\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1e54bc\" data-id=\"b1e54bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9f28a3 elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"e9f28a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Keywords<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93d7ff8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93d7ff8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5caabb7\" data-id=\"5caabb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b42977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b42977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0Ergonomic design, Hybrid materials, Multifunctional furniture, Space efficiency, Sustainable design.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be37c1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be37c1c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-933ce38\" data-id=\"933ce38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9de858 elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"c9de858\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">DOI :<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a900f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a900f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16c2205\" data-id=\"16c2205\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-068acf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"068acf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/paper-7-vol-4-no-1\/\">doi.org\/10.62030\/2026Janpaper7<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9e1d64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9e1d64\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abce5d0\" data-id=\"abce5d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5442afc elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"5442afc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Copyright & Licence<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-157bdea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"157bdea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ae246f\" data-id=\"6ae246f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2033ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2033ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Authors publishing in JAARD retain copyright in their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. Published articles are made available under the Creative Commons licence specified by the journal. Current licence: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e0d775 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e0d775\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0694c\" data-id=\"0b0694c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-771eb1b elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"771eb1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Dates<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f087bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f087bb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7dc573\" data-id=\"e7dc573\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f26cae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f26cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Published:<\/strong> 30th Jan 2026<br \/><strong>Received:<\/strong> 30th Sept 2025<br \/><strong>Accepted:<\/strong> 24th Nov 2025<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8036ed8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8036ed8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f1a7e4\" data-id=\"0f1a7e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03310d1 elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"03310d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Pages : <span class=\"thim-color\">88-106<\/span><\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a352e0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a352e0e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bc404f\" data-id=\"2bc404f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf89906 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf89906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15022\" src=\"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pdf-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Copy-of-7.-Designing-for-Vertical-Needs-FT.docx.pdf\">Download Full Article<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52c85e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52c85e4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-596237e\" data-id=\"596237e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b0365 elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"23b0365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">Citation<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb70947 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb70947\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8cf952e\" data-id=\"8cf952e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d52c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75d52c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Appiah-Kubi, O. P., &amp; Donkor, E. K. (2026). <\/em>Designing for vertical needs: Creating a ladder chair for ergonomic and space-saving solutions.<em> International Journal of Arts, Architecture &amp; Design, 4<\/em>(1), 88\u2013106. <a href=\"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/paper-7-vol-4-no-1\/\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62030\/2026Janpaper7<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39a6b95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39a6b95\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2cab5ee\" data-id=\"2cab5ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a186736 elementor-widget thim-ekits-heading elementor-widget-thim-heading\" data-id=\"a186736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"thim-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sc_heading \"><h3 class=\"title\">References<\/h3><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d50d96f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d50d96f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4b7d40\" data-id=\"f4b7d40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06ada43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06ada43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adu-Gyamfi, S., Donkoh, W. J., &amp; Addo, A. A. (2016). Educational reforms in Ghana: Past and present. *Journal of Education and Human Development, 5*(3), 158\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15640\/jehd.v5n3a17<br \/>Al-Hinai, N., Al-Kindi, M., &amp; Shamsuzzoha, A. (2018). An ergonomic student chair design and engineering for classroom environment. *International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, 7*(5), 534\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18178\/ijmerr.7.5.534-543<br \/>Bai, Y., Kamarudin, K. M., &amp; Alli, H. (2024). A systematic review of research on sitting and working furniture ergonomic from 2012 to 2022: Analysis of assessment approaches. *Heliyon, 10*(7), e28384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28384<br \/>Boateng, C. (2012). Restructuring vocational and technical education in Ghana: The role of leadership development. *International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2*(4), 108\u2013114.<br \/>Dittakavi Tarun, V., Mohan Srikanth, R., Jithendra Kumar, I., Mehar Anudeep, S., &amp; Srikanth. (2017). Stress analysis on a chair-less chair. *International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 12*(4), 699\u2013708.<br \/>Famiwole, R. O., Oke, J. O., &amp; Amadii, N. S. (2012). Potentials of vocational and technical education: Empowering youths and vulnerable adults for poverty reduction in Nigeria. *Journal of Science and Management, 1*(2), 157\u2013162.<br \/>Fien, J., Maclean, R., &amp; Park, M. (Eds.). (2009). *Work, learning and sustainable development: Opportunities and challenges*. Springer Dordrecht.<br \/>G\u00f6kta\u015f, O., Ergin, E., \u00c7etin, G., Hicret \u00d6zko\u00e7, H., F\u0131rat, A., &amp; G\u00fclsunar Gazel, G. (2024). Investigation of user-product interaction by determining the focal points of visual interest in different types of kitchen furniture: An eye-tracking study. *Displays, 83*, 102745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2024.102745<br \/>Musa, A. I. (2011). Anthropometric evaluations and assessment of school furniture design in Nigeria: A case study of secondary schools in rural areas of Odeda, Nigeria. *International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2*(3), 499\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5267\/j.ijiec.2011.03.006<br \/>Niedderer, K., &amp; Reilly, L. (2010). Research practice in art and design: Experiential knowledge and organised inquiry [Editorial]. *Journal of Research Practice, 6*(2), 1\u201311. Article E2. http:\/\/jrp.icaap.org\/index.php\/jrp\/article\/view\/247<br \/>O\u2019Sullivan, K., O\u2019Keeffe, M., O\u2019Sullivan, L., O\u2019Sullivan, P., &amp; Dankaerts, W. (2012). The effect of dynamic sitting on the prevention and management of low back pain and low back discomfort: A systematic review. *Ergonomics, 55*(8), 898\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2012.676674<br \/>Ofield, J. (2025, April 27). Can your office chair impact your health? Houston experts say yes! *Rosi Inc.* https:\/\/www.rosiinc.com\/blog\/your-office-chair-impacts-your-health\/<br \/>Pain, H., Pascoe, J., Gore, S., &amp; McLellan, D. L. (1996). Multi-adjustable chairs for children with disabilities. *Journal of Medical Engineering &amp; Technology, 20*(4\u20135), 151\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/03091909609008395<br \/>Pheasant, S., &amp; Haslegrave, C. M. (2006). *Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work* (3rd ed.). CRC Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781315375212<br \/>Pongo, N. A., Effah, B., Osei-Wusu, B., Obinnim, B., &amp; Sam, F. K. (2014). The impact of TVET on Ghana\u2019s socio-economic development: A case study of ICCES TVET skills training in two regions of Ghana. *American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4*(1), 185\u2013192.<br \/>Prakash, S., Babu, S., &amp; Shukla, S. (2022). Design and fabrication of chair cum ladder. *International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 4*(3), 732\u2013734.<br \/>Saah, M. (2025). *Fabrication of ladder chair for sculpture workshop* (Bachelor&#8217;s thesis). Faculty of Applied Arts &amp; Technology, Department of Sculpture Technology, Takoradi Technical University.<br \/>Sathishranganathan, C., Santhosh Kumar, G., Prakash, P. S., &amp; Prabhakaram, J. G. (2019). Design and fabrication of chair-less chairs. *International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9*(2), 103\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35940\/ijitee.A4968.129219<br \/>Taifa, I. W., &amp; Desai, D. A. (2017). Anthropometric measurements for ergonomic design of students\u2019 furniture in India. *Engineering Science and Technology, 20*(1), 232\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jestch.2016.08.004<br \/>Takyi Mensah, E. (2023). Changes in Ghana\u2019s Technical and Vocational Education and Training since its independence: From the perspective of educational policy. *International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research, 9*(2), 40\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37745\/ijvter.15\/vol9n24049<br \/>Thariq, M. M., Munasinghe, H., &amp; Abeysekara, J. (2010). Designing chairs with mounted desktop for university students: Ergonomics and comfort. *International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40*(1), 8\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ergon.2009.10.003<br \/>Ulrich, K., Eppinger, S., &amp; Yang, M. C. (2020). *Product design and development* (7th ed.). Irwin McGraw-Hill.<br \/>Usman, A. N., &amp; Tyabo, A. (2013). Revitalizing technical and vocational education (TVET) for youth empowerment and sustainable development. *Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3*(4), 149\u2013154. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5901\/jesr.2013.v3n4p149<br \/>Uwaifo, V. O. (2009). Training technology and vocational education teachers for the new 9-3-4 education system in Nigeria: Its problems and prospects. *International NGO Journal, 4*(4), 160\u2013166.<br \/>Viennet, R., &amp; Pont, B. (2017). *Education policy implementation: A literature review and proposed framework*. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 162. OECD Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/fc467a64-en<br \/>Yang, X., &amp; Zhang, Z. (2023). Development of a rehabilitation chair design based on a functional technology matrix and multilevel evaluation methods. *Applied Sciences, 13*(20), 11404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app132011404<br \/>Zemp, R., Taylor, W. R., &amp; Lorenzetti, S. (2015). Are pressure measurements effective in the assessment of office chair comfort\/discomfort? A review. *Applied Ergonomics, 48*, 273\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2014.12.010<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Designing For Vertical Needs: Creating A Ladder Chair For Ergonomic And Space-Saving Solutions Jan 2026, Vol. 4, No. 1, Issue\u00a0 Author(s) Obed Persie Appiah-Kubi (Department of Interior Design and Materials Technology, Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Kumasi Technical &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16349","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16349"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17135,"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16349\/revisions\/17135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in\/JAARD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}